How To Put A Footnote After A Quote

What Are Footnotes? | Guide with Word Instructions

Published on March 28, 2022 by Jack Caulfield.

Footnotes are notes placed at the lesser of the folio in a slice of bookish writing and indicated in the text with superscript numbers (or sometimes messages or other symbols). You tin insert footnotes automatically in Word or Google Docs. They're used to provide:

Citations in certain styles
Additional information that would disrupt the menstruum of the primary text

What Are Footnotes

Annotation: Footnotes are a lot similar endnotes, which are used in similar ways. The deviation is that endnotes appear all together at the terminate of the text, instead of separately on each page. This gives your text a less cluttered appearance, just information technology can also be inconvenient for readers.

How to insert footnotes in Give-and-take and Google Docs

If you're writing in Microsoft Word or in Google Docs, it's like shooting fish in a barrel to insert footnotes automatically using the congenital-in functionality of the software.

Nearly manner guidelines are flexible enough that these automatically inserted footnotes meet their requirements, and then that you don't accept to worry about the specifics of formatting.

Inserting footnotes in Discussion

It'due south straightforward to insert footnotes in Word. Merely follow these steps:

Click on the signal in the text where you want the footnote number to appear.
Select the "References" tab at the top, then select "Insert Footnote."
Type whatever text yous desire into the footnote that appears.

Inserting footnotes

Inserting footnotes in Google Docs

You tin too easily add footnotes in Google Docs. Follow the steps below:

Click on the betoken in the text where you want to add together a footnote.
At the top, click on "Insert" and so on "Footnote" in the drop-down menu.
Blazon the text yous want into the footnote.

Insert footnotes in Google Docs

Numbering and placement of footnotes

Footnotes should be numbered consecutively in the order they announced throughout your paper. Each note should have a unique number; don't use the aforementioned number once again even if y'all cite the same source repeatedly.

Footnote numbers are usually placed at the stop of the relevant clause or sentence. The number appears after whatsoever punctuation, except when the clause ends with an em dash, in which instance the number appears before it. Don't add a space earlier the number.

Example: Placement of footnote numbers

McGill argues that this method is flawed.^ane However, other studies—such as that of Smith and Coulsonⁱⁱ—come to the opposite determination.

Footnotes in Chicago style

Chicago way uses footnotes for citations (unless you're following Chicago author-date). Footnotes can likewise be used to add extra data such as commentary on the source cited, or elaborations on a point you touched on in the master text.

In Chicago footnotes, yous place a footnote at the end of the clause or sentence that needs a citation. The footnote contains full information almost each source the first time you cite it, and shortened information for subsequent citations of the same source.

Case: Chicago footnotes

ane. Tegan George and Jack Caulfield, "Bookish Integrity vs. Bookish Dishonesty," March 10, 2022, https://www.scribbr.com/plagiarism/academic-dishonesty/.

2. George and Caulfield, "Bookish Integrity."

Total information near all your sources is usually included in a bibliography at the end, except in very short papers, where footnote citations may exist used lonely if your institution allows it.

Chicago recommends using your discussion processor's congenital-in footnote role to add footnotes, but a couple of formatting details may need to exist changed manually:

Add an indent at the start of each footnote (before the number).
Write the number at the first of the notation in normal text (not superscript), followed by a flow and then a infinite.
Exit one blank line between footnotes, and make sure footnotes are single-spaced.

Footnotes in APA Style

APA footnotes are used only for providing extra data, since APA in-text citations appear in parentheses instead.

You can use them to provide supplemental information such as additional examples or clarifications; practise this sparingly, equally APA warns against including nonessential information. Footnotes are also used to provide copyright attribution when information technology's needed.

Example: APA footnotes

^one From What Parents Can Expect in Behavior Therapy, by Centers for Disease Command and Prevention, 2022 (https://world wide web.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/infographics/what-parents-expect.html). In the public domain.

² A second round of testing was initially planned, just this idea was abandoned due to …

APA recommends using your discussion processing software to automatically insert footnotes, but add an indent at the starting time of each footnote if this isn't done automatically. The footnote begins with the superscript footnote number followed by a space.

Footnotes in MLA style

MLA footnotes are used to provide supplemental information such as extra examples, clarifications of commendation do, or elaborations on ideas.

MLA in-text citations appear in parentheses, not in notes, simply where a lot of citations are needed at once, they tin be placed in a footnote to avert cluttering the text.

Example: MLA footnotes

¹ Citations of marginalia refer to George's edition and include page numbers. Citations of the poem refer to Davis's edition and include line numbers.

ⁱⁱ This remains a controversial point. Researchers in the field have debated this upshot since …

³ See Crittenden 5–11; Kent 17–34; Smith 44–50; and Jones 36.

MLA recommends using your word processor to automatically insert footnotes, styling the number at the start of the citation in superscript, followed by a infinite. An indent should also be added at the beginning of the footnote (before the number).

What'due south the difference betwixt footnotes and endnotes?: Footnotes appear at the bottom of the page they refer to. This is convenient for the reader only may cause your text to look chaotic if at that place are a lot of footnotes.

Endnotes appear all together at the terminate of the whole text. This may be less convenient for the reader but reduces clutter.

Both footnotes and endnotes are used in the aforementioned way: to cite sources or add actress data. You lot should usually choose one or the other to use in your text, not both.
What are footnotes used for?: Footnotes are notes indicated in your text with numbers and placed at the lesser of the folio. They're used to provide:

Citations (e.g., in Chicago notes and bibliography)

Additional information that would disrupt the catamenia of the primary text

Exist sparing in your utilize of footnotes (other than citation footnotes), and consider whether the information you're calculation is relevant for the reader.
How practice I insert a footnote in Word?: To insert a footnote automatically in a Word document:

Click on the point in the text where the footnote should appear

Select the "References" tab at the top and and so click on "Insert Footnote"

Type the text yous want into the footnote that appears at the bottom of the page

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